Vitamin C for Sunburn Prevention: Why Sunscreen Alone Isn't Enough

Humans are some of the few mammals that can not synthesize their vitamin C. The lack of ability to make vitamin C means that humans must rely on a healthy diet to bring in the required amount of vitamin C. (6)

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a nutrient that has been extensively studied and those studies resulted in its recognition for its essential role in overall health and wellbeing.

The Linus Pauling Institute is an incredible resource for all the health benefits of vitamin C. Articles discussed by the Linus Pauling Institute talk about benefits from strengthening the immune system to supporting collagen synthesis. Many other benefits are studied concluding that this remarkable nutrient plays a crucial part in various bodily functions. (7)

When it comes to skin health, vitamin C stands out due to its antioxidant properties. Those properties can help the skin heal faster, age slower and retain its healthy consistency. As a direct player in the process of collagen synthesis, vitamin C is a critical ingredient that can help support skin health for people of all ages. (8)

The skin is our external barrier, it is made to be strong and resilient as it is constantly exposed to environmental stressors, including UV radiation, pollution, and free radicals. If you thought that UV radiation exposure is only caused by the sun, then you may be shocked to learn that UV radiation can be produced by some types of indoor lighting and so, for many, prolonged exposure is a constant reality. Exposure to stressors and damaging factors can lead to the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular structures and accelerate the aging process. (4)

Vitamin C acts as a potent antioxidant, it helps the skin heal and works to neutralize free radicals thus protecting the skin from oxidative stress caused by UV radiation. By scavenging these harmful radicals, vitamin C helps reduce inflammation, prevent DNA damage, and maintain the integrity of skin cells. (4)

Collagen is a protein that is abundant in the skin, it is considered the glue of our internal structures and is responsible for maintaining skin firmness, elasticity, and overall structure.

As we age, our natural collagen production declines, this decline leads to the formation of wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging skin. (9)

When we are exposed to UV radiation, our collagen and elastin are broken down due to the damage of the radiation. This makes the skin less resilient and reduces its capacity to bounce back after it is stretched. Enzymes known as metalloproteinases are stimulated by UV radiation and they result in the possible permanent change to the makeup of the skin (10). The result is a loss of firmness and the emergence of a leathery appearance that is characteristic of long sun exposure. Inflammation and free-radical formation after the process of “breakdown” can result in the formation of further lines and deep wrinkles which change the texture of the skin permanently. (11)

While sunscreen is undoubtedly crucial for protecting the skin from harmful UV rays, recent research suggests that sunscreen on its own may not be enough! Internal anti-oxidants can provide the body with an additional layer of defence that enhances the body’s ability at dealing with UV stress. Anti-oxidants like vitamin C can provide an additional line of defence against sun damage. (6)

Vitamin C can be obtained through both whole-food dietary sources and supplements. Consuming foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, kiwis, and bell peppers, provides the body with a small amount of this essential nutrient. (12)

Unlike dietary vitamin C consumption, supplementing with vitamin C can be an effective strategy to fine-tune the intake and align it with the level of oxidative stress the body faces. Emerging evidence suggests that our demand for vitamin C increases during periods of heightened oxidative stress, making supplementation a valuable tool to support the body's antioxidant defences and maintain overall health. (13)

UV radiation consists of UVA and UVB rays, both of which can harm the skin and contribute to photoaging and increased risk of skin cancer.

While sunscreen forms a physical or chemical barrier to absorb or reflect UV rays, vitamin C works differently. It doesn't absorb UVA or UVB rays directly, but it can help mitigate the damage caused by UV exposure. (5)

Vitamin C's antioxidant properties neutralize free radicals generated by UV radiation, reducing inflammation, DNA damage, and collagen breakdown in the skin. (6)

Hyperpigmentation, characterized by dark spots or patches on the skin, is a common concern caused by sun damage and hormonal changes. Vitamin C has been shown to have skin-lightening properties, helping to fade hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.

By inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for dark spots, vitamin C can help brighten the skin and reduce the appearance of sunspots. (16)

The skin has a remarkable ability to heal itself, but it can benefit from additional support. Vitamin C plays a vital role in promoting the skin's natural repair processes, particularly after sun damage.

By stimulating collagen synthesis and supporting the production of new skin cells, vitamin C helps expedite the healing of sunburns and other forms of UV-induced skin damage. Additionally, vitamin C's anti-inflammatory properties help reduce redness and soothe irritated skin. (16)

To harness the protective benefits of vitamin C, it's essential to incorporate it into your skincare routine. Whether through topical application or internal consumption, vitamin C can enhance your skin's resilience and defence against sun damage.

Topical vitamin C serums or creams are a popular choice for delivering this antioxidant directly to the skin. When applied topically, vitamin C can penetrate the skin and provide localized protection against UV damage. Look for serums or creams containing L-ascorbic acid, the most active and researched form of vitamin C.

In addition to topical application, consuming foods rich in vitamin C is crucial for maintaining optimal levels in the body. Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruits, are well-known sources of vitamin C. However, other fruits like kiwis, strawberries, and papayas, as well as vegetables like bell peppers and broccoli, are also excellent sources. Including these foods in your diet can provide a steady supply of vitamin C, supporting overall skin health and sun protection from within. (12)

However, during periods of prolonged sun exposure, the body's natural reservoir of vitamin C may become depleted due to the continuous battle against oxidative stress. As a result, the body may require additional vitamin C from external sources to ensure an optimal level of protection against skin damage. Higher levels are easier to achieve with supplementation. Supplementation with vitamin C that contains bioflavonoids is one of the best ways of helping support vitamin C status during periods of stress. (13)

As we strive to protect our skin from the damaging effects of the sun, incorporating vitamin C into our skincare routine becomes increasingly important. With its antioxidant properties, collagen-boosting abilities, and potential to mitigate the harmful impact of UV radiation, vitamin C stands as a powerful ally in maintaining healthy, radiant skin. Whether through topical application or dietary consumption, vitamin C can enhance the skin's natural defences, offering an extra layer of protection against sun damage. So, don't forget to reach for that vitamin C serum, savour those citrus fruits, and embrace the power of this remarkable nutrient in safeguarding your skin from the sun's rays.